Stable Variation in Apparent Time: Coronal Stop Deletion in East Anglian English

The linguistic variable (t,d) – word-final /t,d/ deletion in consonant clusters C(C)T/C(C)D – is widely investigated in US dialects (e.g. Guy 1980, Patrick 1991). Conversely, little research on this phonological variable has been carried out in the UK, where (t,d) was mainly researched in Northern varieties of British English, as in York (Tagliamonte and Temple 2005), Manchester (Baranowski and Turton 2020) and in Tyneside English (Woolford 2018). Conflicting results were found with respect to the morphological effect among British English varieties: in York, morphological class failed to reach statistical significance, whereas findings from Manchester and Tyneside exhibit the usual robust morphological effect. This paper investigates (t,d) deletion in the South East of England and sets out to (a) shed light on the unsolved problem of morphological effect in British English; (b) propose a more fine-grained analysis of the following phonetic segment. Despite contributing the greatest effect on (t,d) in most American and British studies, stops, fricatives and nasals are not examined separately in the following phonetic environment, yet they are commonly grouped as obstruents. This distinction is commonly made in the preceding environment even though it is considered a “tertiary constraint” (Guy 1980:20). In the fine-grained analysis of the following environment that we propose, we break down the obstruent category further and we also split fricatives distinguishing between sibilants and non-sibilant fricatives

A Sociolinguistic Survey of (t,d) deletion, (t) glottaling, and their intersection in East Anglian English

This thesis examines two well-studied phonological features - (t,d) deletion and (t) glottaling – in East Anglian English by maintaining the structuralist roots of the variationist paradigm (e.g. Wolfram 1993; Patrick 1999). It also investigates, for the first time, the covariation between the two linguistic variables by exploring the intersection of (t) deletion and (t) glottaling in word-final consonant clusters (e.g. different). (t,d) deletion has been largely investigated in US English dialects, yet it has received comparatively little attention in the UK. (t) glottaling has been widely examined as a change in progress in England (including Norwich, Trudgill, 1974, 1988) and Scotland, yet little research on this variable has been carried out in Ipswich (Straw & Patrick, 2007) or Colchester. Data was gathered in three East Anglian speech communities: Colchester, Ipswich and Norwich, where 36 participants, equally distributed, have been recorded by means of sociolinguistic interviews, reading passages and word lists. Mixed-effects Rbrul regression analysis was carried out. (t,d) results are in line with previous US studies showing that (t,d) absence is primarily conditioned by linguistic factors and its profile is that of a stable variable. A more fine-grained analysis is suggested for the following phonological environment. For (t) glottaling, this thesis also proposes a closer inspection of the following phonological environment. The preceding phonological context - little explored in previous studies - plays a notable role. While word-final /t/ glottaling has completed its social change and is spreading in phonological space even in environments where it used to be blocked, word-medial /t/ is both phonetically and socially conditioned. The covariation between (t) glottaling and (t) deletion shows that the transition glottaling → deletion, in the lenition scale, is in feeding order and is mostly linguistically driven. In this analysis, women exhibit a higher use of glottal variants, whereas males promote deletion – the last stage of the lenition scale

Sociolinguistic Variationist Analysis of Word-Emotion Lexicon in Cook Islands English Online News

This paper describes how journalists, in the Cook Islands, use sentiment lexicon when reporting online news. To do so, we employ Sentiment Analysis (SA) in combination with sociolinguistic variationist theory and logistic regression analysis. SA relies on the Word-Emotion Association Lexicon source (Mohammad & Turney 2013), which comprises 10,170 lexical items. The bulk of research carried out on sentiment analysis only distinguishes between positive vs. negative emotions. By contrast, we provide a fine-grained coding by exploring how eight specific core emotions (i.e. ANGER, ANTICIPATION, FEAR, DISGUST, JOY, SADNESS, SURPRISE, and TRUST) are socially stratified in formal contexts. We built a small-scale corpus from web-based newspapers to find out (i) whether social factors (age and sex) condition the use of sentiment lexicon and (ii) to evaluate the socially acknowledged generalisations according to which females tend to use sentiment lexicon more than males. The data was quantitatively examined through mixed-effects Rbrul logistic regression analysis. The independent variables include: word class (i.e. nous, adjectives, verbs), sex, age, and word-frequency. Specifically, the latter is a variable involved in language processing and is commonly studied in psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and corpus linguistics (Mickiewicz 2019). To account for word-frequency we use the SUBTLEX-US corpus (Brysbaert & New 2009). Our findings suggest that sentiment lexicon is conditioned by age, with young and old speakers favouring the use of sentiment lexicon. Sex, word class, and word-frequency do not have a significant influence on sentiment lexicon in our data.

Central Pancreatectomy to Treat a Giant Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas - An Uncommon Surgical Procedure for a Rare Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Context Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a rare tumor of the pancreas. Solid pseudopapillary tumor is nine times more frequent in the body and tail than in the head of the pancreas. It usually does not reach a large size. The majority of patients are young females and most of them are asymptomatic. Neoplasms of the midportion of the pancreas, not suitable for enucleation, can be treated with central pancreatectomy. The central pancreatectomy is commonly proposed for tumors that do not exceed 5 cm of dimension. Case report We report a case of seventeen-years-old woman who was admitted to our institution with abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the left hypochondrial area. US, CT and RMN scan revealed a giant (> 10 cm.) well-demarcated and encapsulated solid mass in the body of the pancreas, with a great amount of intralesional cystic-hemorrhagic component. The patient was treated by a variant of central pancreatectomy without splenectomy and pancreatic duct reconstruction. There was no metastatic disease in either the liver or peritoneum. The histological analysis identifies the tumor as a Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. Fifteen years' follow-up period showed no recurrence. Conclusions Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas behaves like a potentially malignant tumor and has good prognosis. Surgical resection is dictated by tumor location and is the treatment of choice. The increasing interest in parenchyma-sparing pancreatic surgery has found large application in treatment of Solid pseudopapillary tumor, with the aim of preserving exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, and achieving a better quality of life after surgery. Considering the low malignant potential, the central pancreatectomy can be considered an excellent therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this type of tumor also when they have giant dimensions and are localized in the central-pancreatic portion

A cell surface arabinogalactan-peptide influences root hair cell fate

Root hairs (RHs) develop from specialized epidermal trichoblast cells, whereas epidermal cells that lack RHs are known as atrichoblasts. The mechanism controlling RH cell fate is only partially understood.RH cell fate is regulated by a transcription factor complex that promotes the expression of the homeodomain protein GLABRA 2 (GL2), which blocks RH development by inhibiting ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6). Suppression of GL2 expression activates RHD6, a series of downstream TFs including ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 LIKE‐4 (RSL4) and their target genes, and causes epidermal cells to develop into RHs. Brassinosteroids (BRs) influence RH cell fate. In the absence of BRs, phosphorylated BIN2 (a Type‐II GSK3‐like kinase) inhibits a protein complex that regulates GL2 expression.Perturbation of the arabinogalactan peptide (AGP21) in Arabidopsis thaliana triggers aberrant RH development, similar to that observed in plants with defective BR signaling. We reveal that an O‐glycosylated AGP21 peptide, which is positively regulated by BZR1, a transcription factor activated by BR signaling, affects RH cell fate by altering GL2 expression in a BIN2‐dependent manner.Changes in cell surface AGP disrupts BR responses and inhibits the downstream effect of BIN2 on the RH repressor GL2 in root epidermis.Fil: Borassi, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Gloazzo Dorosz, Javier Anselmo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Ricardi, Martiniano María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Carignani Sardoy, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Pol Fachin, Laercio. No especifíca;Fil: Marzol, Eliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Mangano, Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Garcia, Diana Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Pacheco, Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Rondon Guerrero, Yossmayer del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Velásquez, Silvia Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Villavicencio, Bianca. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ; BrasilFil: Ciancia, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Seifert, Georg. University of Natural Resources and Life Science; AustriaFil: Verli, Hugo. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ; BrasilFil: Estevez, Jose Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin

SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATIONIST ANALYSIS OF WORD-EMOTION LEXICON IN COOK ISLANDS ENGLISH ONLINE NEWS

This paper describes how journalists, in the Cook Islands, use sentiment lexicon when reporting online news. To do so, we employ Sentiment Analysis (SA) in combination with sociolinguistic variationist theory and logistic regression analysis. SA relies on the Word-Emotion Association Lexicon source (Mohammad & Turney 2013), which comprises 10,170 lexical items. The bulk of research carried out on sentiment analysis only distinguishes between positive vs. negative emotions. By contrast, we provide a fine-grained coding by exploring how eight specific core emotions (i.e. ANGER, ANTICIPATION, FEAR, DISGUST, JOY, SADNESS, SURPRISE, and TRUST) are socially stratified in formal contexts. We built a small-scale corpus from web-based newspapers to find out (i) whether social factors (age and sex) condition the use of sentiment lexicon and (ii) to evaluate the socially acknowledged generalisations according to which females tend to use sentiment lexicon more than males. The data was quantitatively examined through mixed-effects Rbrul logistic regression analysis. The independent variables include: word class (i.e. nous, adjectives, verbs), sex, age, and word-frequency. Specifically, the latter is a variable involved in language processing and is commonly studied in psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and corpus linguistics (Mickiewicz 2019). To account for word-frequency we use the SUBTLEX-US corpus (Brysbaert & New 2009). Our findings suggest that sentiment lexicon is conditioned by age, with young and old speakers favouring the use of sentiment lexicon. Sex, word class, and word-frequency do not have a significant influence on sentiment lexicon in our data